Overview Communication in Kurdistan:

The system of communication and connecting in Kurdistan was ignored by the Iraq's regime. For example if we take a look at Erbil city in such a big city like arbil there were only ten thousands of interior lines, that was under a strong supervising of security industries of former Iraq's regime, in 1991 the communication between Erbil and other cities were already been cut off, and in this case Kurdistan was completely separated from other Iraqi regions.

After the uprising in 1991 by the blockade that posed to us we were unable to develop our communications, but in third cabinet of Kurdistan region the new system which was DX4 been started and also in fourth cabinet the digital system been started.
  1. In 1997, in the first project of Kurdistan region authority decided to buy a new and the latest exchange of the size of 2000 lines for connecting the ministries, industries and also service stations and also this exchange again been updated and increased to 4000 lines, and that was on Kurdistan authority budget.
  2. In 2000 after this project in service affairs, communication was so successful Kurdistan region authority decided to change the exchanges and to be upon the Kurdistan region budget after losing hopes of exporting oil and importing the food after that the exchanges in Erbil and Duhok been changed into a modern one in type of Carin.
  3. After the time of the program of exporting the oil and importing the food. The foundation of (ITU) started building 3 new exchanged of the size of 40000 lines in Kurdistan region cities, in Erbil city 15000 line and 10000 lines in Duhok ,15000 lines in Sulaimania, and connecting all of three exchanges with each other using microwave in type of SDHSTM-1.
  4. For accompanying the development of communication affairs, the ministry of transportation and communication started building two transit exchanges in arbil city which was of the size of 1000E1 and in duhok city 600E1 for more simplifying the services inside and outside. The ministry started increasing and connecting the Erbil city and Duhok city by microwave networks the number of E1s increased to 30E1, between Erbil and Sulaimaniya to 20E1 and Duhok Sulaimaniya to 10E1.
  5. for increasing the number of requests in communication, ministry of transportation and communication started implementing the wireless project (CDMA-WLL/wireless) for solving the problem of the lack of telephone lines, there were improvements for establishing this modern system in Erbil 60000 shared lines and in Duhok 30000, also in other cities and towns like Akree 30000 shared lines and also in Zaxo 30000 shared lines. And also in that project the digital exchange of Erbil been changed into a newer exchanges which was using layers in a latest modern way which was CSMA, this system started working in the September of 2005.
  6. In other projects of Ministry of tTansportation and Communications is making the connection between the exchanges inside Erbil city by the optical fiber cable (Fiber Optic) this project is about to be finished and now this project is under running and implementation, and this by using (ducts) systems underground with size of (36 core) in length of 25km by using 140 (manholes) in a legal way and 300 km of pipe in type of PVC is used in this network to connect the central exchange of Erbil to exchanges in Ainkawa, Shorish, Brayatee, Zanko, Nawroz.
  7. The projects that is under working by an American company (Lucent Technologies) which is (planning and design in governments of Erbil & Duhok outside plant) the purpose of this project is setting up a network for normal phones to be shared for half million for Erbil city, Duhok and the way of commutations in this project the modern type of cabling is used which is (fiber optic to home) applying the shared connections with the exchanges by using the fiber optic instead of (copper cable) and this one is a new technology in Kurdistan region ,and Kurdistan region will be one of the developed governments in using the services of telecommunicating and internet that is a working in a very good way in middle east this project is done only in Kuwait.
    1. Shorish 159293 lines
    2. Zanko 94896 lines
    3. Soran 95423 lines
    4. Broshke 106383 lines
    5. Nzare 46661 lines
    The projects that will be started is setting up and applying the telephone networks in cities and towns of zaxo which the (Siemens) Germanys Company will do that this project is the latest project in communications.
  8. the project (Access Network/Hawler):
    increasing the number of the projects of circular (fiber optic) cables and this one is for connecting 67 sites in Erbil city which is as follows (the building of Kurdistan Parliament, Ministry Council, all Ministries, the colleges and universities, institutes, banks, and service directorates). This project is a strategic project and it is the latest technologies and also it is a basic to change the classical government system into electronically government.

The suggested projects for applying it on budget of year 2006
  1. the project of increasing the microwave networks in STM1+1 to STM3+1 and 3 canals of microwave for connecting Erbil city with Zaxo city with the size of STM-1 and this project will be the supporter for those channels that is available between Erbil city and Duhok:
    • Increasing the microwave canals between Erbil-Duhok and Erbil Sulaimania instead three size of now.
    • Developing the microwave networks in Erbil city to Soran and also form Duhok to Zaxo.
  2. The fiber optic cable in Erbil to the towns of Haje Omaran and this project is too important for providing the connection between cities and towns that is on that part of Kurdistan they will start providing a connection in some parts of these places by microwave machine. And also simplifying this project by connecting Iraq and Kurdistan region with Iran.
  3. The application project of central store in Ministry of Transportation and Communication and also Duhok store. After this project the decision of setting up the new central store is made also there is information about exporting and importing of stores is available.
  4. The project of the building of ministry that is prepared by a (Harmany) German's company. The map of the ministry building contains eight floors with all its requirements. For example a garage for parking 300 cars and four elevators with providing the needed electricity for the building by the sun's light.
    Hawler Governorate:
    If we take a look at the communication affairs we can see the differences with before. At that time there were only one exchange of size 10000 lines, by the support of Kurdistan region authority and Ministry of Transportation and Communication they could change the old exchange into new one in type of digital with the size of 14000 lines which was capable expanding in 50000 lines. But after that a new exchange that was using layers by the company of (Huwawi) had been set up with the size of 30000 lines with the (MDF) networks and also setting up two new exchanges using layers in pirmam and also the town of Ainkawa.


    Exchanges in Hawler:

    Shorish Exchange:
    The digital type of (MX1) of the size of 3200 lines that was able to be expanded to 7000 lines with the network of cables that its boundary will cover the way between the road of Ainkawa street until (sawa oven) but for the last time a new exchange in Shorish been set up with (MDF) networks with the size of 15000 lines implemented through Siemens Company.

    Ainkawa Exchange:
    Digital type of (MX1) with the size of 1400 lines which is able to be expanded to 7000 lines with the cable networks, but by the reason of not having enough place in the same building of Ainkawa exchange, in the near future in the new building of Ainkawa the new exchange by Huwawi will be implemented.

    Zanko Exchange:
    The digital type of (LX1-Remot) with the size of 1400 lines that is able to be expanded to 11200 lines with network cables that its boundary will cover between the street of Karkuk way until the engineering section in the near future in the new building of Zanko a new exchange well be set up by Siemens company also with designing the cable networks.

    Nawroz Exchange:
    The digital type of (LX1) with the size of 4000 lines that is capable to be expanded into 50000 lines with the cable networks which its boundary will cover between streets of the Mosul road until the street of Karkuk road.

    Rzgare Exchange:
    The digital type that was used before in type of (MX1) after that the system is developed into (LX1). Its boundary is between the main ways between agricultural sections until the beginning of the street (sawa oven). All the exchanges are connected directly with each other by fiber optic cable (Fiber Optic).


    Other communication projects in other Cities and Towns:
    1. Set up the digital exchange in type of (Remote MX1) in size of 705 lines which is capable of expanding to 7000 lines in Bnaslawa town with renovation of the building of directory of posts and communication.
    2. Set upthe digital exchange in type of (Remote MX1) with the size of 705 lines which has the capability of expanding to 7000 lines in Kasnazan town with the cabling networks and connecting two exchanges of Bnaslawa and Kasnazan by microwave with Erbil directly.
    3. Set up the exchange of the type (NEC) with the size of 1400 lines in Hareer and Xabat also with cabling networks.
    4. Set up an exchange of type DXF with the size of 500 lines in towns of Mergasor, Rawandz, Choman, with network cabling.
    5. Set up a new digital exchange in section of Bastora.
    6. Set up the exchange of the type (Remote MX1) of the size of 705 lines in the town of Qushtapa.
    7. V the exchange in type of (Single Channel) with the size of 705 lines in Bahrka town.
 
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